Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla or Chamaemelum nobile) is a gentle, aromatic herb celebrated for its calming properties and delicate, daisy-like flowers. Known as a natural remedy for promoting relaxation, chamomile is often used to make soothing teas, tinctures, and skin-care products. This resilient plant is part of the Asteraceae family and can thrive in a range of garden settings, from herb gardens to ornamental borders. Chamomile’s feathery foliage and cheerful blooms add charm to any garden while offering numerous health benefits, making it a favorite among herbalists and gardeners alike.

Soil Requirements

Chamomile prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH, ideally between 5.6 and 7.5. Though not a heavy feeder, it benefits from soil that contains some organic matter, which can enhance growth and flower production. Chamomile can adapt to poorer soil, but overly rich soil may encourage excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers. Sandy or loamy soil with good drainage works best, as chamomile does not like overly wet conditions.

Sun Requirements

Chamomile grows best in full sun, needing at least six hours of sunlight daily to thrive and produce abundant blooms. In very hot climates, chamomile can benefit from a bit of afternoon shade, which helps prevent wilting and prolongs flowering. If growing chamomile indoors, place it near a sunny window or use a grow light to ensure it receives adequate light.

Watering Requirements

Chamomile prefers consistent, moderate moisture. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry, but be cautious not to overwater, as chamomile is sensitive to waterlogged soil. Once established, chamomile is somewhat drought-tolerant but appreciates regular watering during dry spells. A layer of mulch around the base can help retain moisture and reduce the need for frequent watering, especially in hot weather.

Best Plant Hardiness Zones

Chamomile can be grown as an annual or perennial depending on the variety and climate. German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is typically grown as an annual and can be grown in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to 9. Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), a perennial variety, is hardy in Zones 4 to 9 and can overwinter in milder climates, returning each Spring with new growth.

Popular Chamomile Varieties

Chamomile is cherished for its versatility, mild flavor, and medicinal benefits. There are several varieties of chamomile, each with unique characteristics and uses. Here’s a look at five popular chamomile varieties and how best to enjoy their soothing qualities.

German Chamomile

German chamomile, also known as wild chamomile, is an annual variety that’s prized for its sweet, apple-like aroma and delicate white flowers with yellow centers. This is the chamomile most commonly used for herbal teas and medicinal purposes, as it’s rich in essential oils and offers potent calming effects.

German chamomile is ideal for making chamomile tea, which is widely enjoyed for its relaxing and sleep-promoting properties. The dried flowers can also be used in herbal infusions, tinctures, and skin-care products to soothe irritation. German chamomile’s mild flavor and medicinal qualities make it a staple in natural remedies and a popular choice for herbal blends.

Roman Chamomile

Roman chamomile, also called English chamomile, is a perennial variety known for its low-growing, mat-forming habit and fragrant foliage. Unlike German chamomile, Roman chamomile is often used as a ground cover or lawn substitute, thanks to its creeping growth and tolerance for light foot traffic. Its flavor is similar to German chamomile but slightly milder.

Roman chamomile is often used in teas, similar to German chamomile, though its flavor is a bit less intense. Its soothing properties make it suitable for herbal teas, especially for digestion and relaxation. Roman chamomile is also commonly used in aromatherapy and can be added to bath products and skin-care items. As a ground cover, it’s lovely in pathways and garden borders, releasing a pleasant scent when brushed or walked on.

Moroccan Chamomile

Moroccan chamomile is a unique variety that’s botanically distinct from German and Roman chamomile but shares a similar aroma. It’s often grown for its essential oil, which has a sweet, fruity scent. Moroccan chamomile is primarily used in aromatherapy and perfumery rather than for culinary purposes, as it has a stronger, more pungent fragrance.

Moroccan chamomile is commonly used in essential oil form for aromatherapy, where it’s prized for its calming and uplifting effects. Its oil can be diffused to promote relaxation or added to massage oils and lotions. Moroccan chamomile is not typically used in teas, but it’s essential oil is popular in natural perfumes, creams, and beauty products due to its distinctive, sweet fragrance.

Dyer’s Chamomile

Dyer’s chamomile, also known as golden marguerite, is a perennial with bright yellow, daisy-like flowers. While not typically used for tea, Dyer’s chamomile is grown for its vibrant color and traditional use as a natural dye. This variety adds a cheerful splash of color to gardens and is loved for its drought tolerance and hardiness.

When used as a natural dye, Dyer’s chamomile produces yellow or golden hues when its flowers are processed. It’s also popular in ornamental gardens, where its bright flowers add a sunny touch to borders and wildflower gardens. Although it’s not used in teas, Dyer’s chamomile can be dried and used in potpourris for its earthy, herbal scent.

Double-Flowered Chamomile

Double-flowered chamomile is a unique cultivar of Roman chamomile with extra petals that give the flowers a fuller, more decorative appearance. This perennial variety has the same mild, calming properties as regular Roman chamomile but is often chosen for its aesthetic appeal in gardens.

Double-flowered chamomile is lovely for ornamental purposes, adding visual interest to flower beds, herb gardens, and borders. Its flowers can be dried and used in sachets, potpourris, or decorative wreaths. Like other chamomiles, double-flowered chamomile can be brewed into a soothing tea, although it’s often grown more for its beauty than for large-scale harvesting. ❖